The share of coal in the total CO 2 emission from fuel combustion in 2008 was 43%, while the contribution of oil and gas was 37% and 20%, respectively. (4) The high share of the CO 2 emission in the power sector is related to fuel combustion to generate electricity or heat. (3) Currently the power sector is responsible for 41% of all the energy-related CO 2 emissions, followed by the transport sector (23%), industry sector (20%), buildings sector (10%), and others. (3) The global CO 2 emission in 2008 was about 29.4 gigatons (Gt), which is an increase of around 40% relative to the 1990 emission of 20.9 Gt. This resulted in an increase of CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere from about 280 ppm before the industrialization to 390 ppm nowadays. (1, 2) CO 2 emissions have increased since the dawn of the industrial revolution. The suspected correlation between the increased CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere and the green-house effect has initiated a worldwide debate aimed at emission reduction of CO 2 and other green-house gases. The trends highlighted here can be used by solvent designers to navigate through the massive amount of theoretically possible ILs. Scarcely available results of molecular simulations, which is a valuable tool in designing and evaluating ionic liquids, are also reviewed. Recent developments on task-specific ionic liquids and supported ionic liquid membranes are also discussed. The effect of anions, cations, and functional groups on the CO 2 solubility, biodegradability, and toxicity of the ionic liquids are highlighted. A major part of this review includes an overview of the experimental data of CO 2 solubility, selectivity, and diffusivity in different ionic liquids. The aim of the present review paper is to provide a detailed overview of the achievements and difficulties that has been encountered in finding a suitable ionic liquid for CO 2 capture from flue-gas streams. This remarkable interest has led to a rapid growth of literature on this specific subject. Ionic liquids have been proposed as a promising alternative to the conventional volatile solvents, because of their low volatility and other interesting properties. Currently, CO 2 capture is dominated by amine-based (e.g., monoethanolamine) technologies, which are very energy intensive and less attractive from an environmental point of view due to emissions of the used volatile solvent components. Economical and environmental aspects are the main motivation for research on energy efficient processes and the search for environment friendly materials for CO 2 capture.
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